First Aid Guide Tool

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

CPR is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

• Check the scene and the person. Make sure the scene is safe, then tap the person on the shoulder and shout "Are you OK?" to ensure that the person needs help.
• Call 911 for assistance.
• Open the airway by tilting the head back slightly to lift the chin.
• Check for breathing. If the person isn't breathing, start CPR.
• Push hard and fast on the center of the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
• Give rescue breaths by pinching the person's nose shut, placing your mouth over the person's mouth to make a complete seal, and blowing to make the chest rise.
• Continue CPR until medical professionals arrive or the person starts to breathe.

Choking

Choking occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air. In adults, a piece of food often is the culprit. Young children often swallow small objects.

• Ask "Are you choking?" If the person nods yes, provide help.
• Give 5 back blows between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
• If the blockage isn't dislodged, give 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).
• Alternate between 5 blows and 5 thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.
• If the person becomes unconscious, start CPR.

Burns

Burns are classified as first-degree, second-degree, or third-degree, depending on how deep and severe they penetrate the skin's surface.

• First-degree burns: Soak the burn in cool water for at least 5 minutes. Use antibiotic ointment and loosely wrap with a bandage.
• Second-degree burns: Soak in cool water for 15 minutes. Apply antibiotic cream and cover with a nonstick dressing.
• Third-degree burns: Call 911 immediately. Do not soak in water. Cover with a clean, non-stick bandage or cloth.

Bleeding

Severe bleeding can be dangerous and requires immediate attention.

• Apply pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage to stop the bleeding.
• Elevate the injured area above the level of the heart, if possible.
• Maintain pressure until the bleeding stops or emergency personnel arrive.
• Do not remove the cloth if it becomes soaked. Instead, add more cloths on top and continue applying pressure.

Fractures

A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If you suspect someone has a fracture, it's important to immobilize the area.

• Keep the person still and calm.
• Support the injured area to prevent movement.
• Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain.
• Seek medical attention immediately.

Poisoning

If you suspect someone has been poisoned, it's crucial to act quickly.

• Call your local poison control center or 911 immediately.
• Provide information about the poison, if known.
• Do not induce vomiting or give any substance unless instructed by a professional.
• Follow the advice of the poison control center or emergency responders.

Seizures

During a seizure, the person may experience abnormal behavior, symptoms, and sensations, sometimes including loss of consciousness.

• Stay calm and ensure the person's safety by moving dangerous objects away.
• Place the person on their side to help keep the airway clear.
• Time the seizure. If it lasts longer than 5 minutes, call 911.
• Do not put anything in the person's mouth.
• Stay with the person until the seizure ends and they regain consciousness.

Heatstroke

Heatstroke is a condition caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures.

• Call 911 immediately if you suspect heatstroke.
• Move the person to a cooler environment.
• Cool the person rapidly using whatever methods available, such as a cool bath or sponging with cool water.
• Do not give the person anything to drink.